The reduction or lack of buoyancy-driven convection in reduced gravity environments leads to impaired gas exchange (CO2 absorption, water transpiration and O2 release) at the leaf surface if no extra ventilation is provided, and this could lead to a reduction in biomass production in the long run. Space crop production systems are being developed to grow fresh produce in-situ to supplement the astronauts’ diet, but the required ventilation rates for crops in different gravity environments remains poorly understood. The technical papers were not presented in person due to the inability to hold the event as scheduled in Lisbon, Portugal because of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The proceedings for the 2020 International Conference on Environmental Systems were published from July 31 – August 6, 2020. ICES500: Life Science/Life Support Research Technologies Wheeler, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, Florida, 32899, US Massa, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, Florida, 32899, US Lawrence Koss, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center, Amentum Services, Inc., Florida, 32899, USA Michael Gildersleeve, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Internships and Fellowships (NIF)/Out in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (oSTEM) Internship Program, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, 32899, US and Cornell University, New York, 13112, US The plantings might be expanded for longer duration lunar missions, which would then provide an opportunity to assess concepts for Mars missions, where bioregenerative life support will play a more crucial role.Lucie Poulet, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Postdoctoral Program, Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Kennedy Space Center, Florida, 32899, US A likely scenario for implementing bioregenerative life support might start with a small plant growth unit to produce some fresh foods for the International Space Station or early lunar missions. Related tests with humans and regenerative life support systems were subsequently conducted at NASA's Johnson Space Center in the mid 1990s, and a large-scale bioregenerative test bed called BIO-Plex was planned but never completed. In the late 1980s through the 1990s, findings from university CELSS researchers were used to conduct tests at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in a large, atmospherically closed chamber. Around 1980, NASA initiated its Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) Program, which focused on higher plant (crop) testing. In contrast, the Russian BIOS projects led by Josef Gitelson and Henry Lisovsky maintained a steady pace of bioregenerative research from the 1960s through the 1980s, including tests with human crews lasting up to several months. Testing even included space flight experiments by Herb Ward in the 1960s, but bioregenerative research in the USA decreased soon after this. Bioregenerative research expanded rapidly in the 1950s and 60s through the work of Jack Myers and colleagues, and focused largely on algal systems. Central to the concept is the use of photosynthetic organisms to regenerate air and food. Abstract : Bioregenerative life support systems have been discussed since the writings of Tsiolkovsky in the early 20th century.
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